Bladder cancer is a serious condition that affects dogs, particularly those aged 10 or older. It can be more commonly found in female dogs and certain breeds such as Scottish terriers and Shelties (Shetland sheepdogs). While there are treatment options available for bladder cancer in dogs, it cannot be cured. In this article, we will explore the types of bladder cancer, its potential to metastasize, the clinical signs to look out for, the diagnostic process, as well as the available treatment options.
Types of Bladder Cancer and Metastatic Disease Potential
Transitional cell carcinoma and leiomyosarcomas are the two main types of bladder cancer in dogs. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most prevalent, accounting for 90% to 95% of all bladder tumors. These tumors develop in the bladder lining, specifically in the transitional epithelial tissue. On the other hand, leiomyosarcomas arise from the smooth muscle tissue that can be found in the bladder wall. Bladder cancer has the potential to spread to other areas such as the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and even the kidneys and prostate in male dogs. In later stages, it can even metastasize to the lungs. Additionally, it is crucial to consider the possibility of a benign bladder mass called a polyp when diagnosing bladder cancer.
Clinical Signs to Look for
The clinical signs of bladder cancer in dogs often revolve around urinary issues. One noticeable sign is hematuria, which is the presence of blood in the urine. However, it is important to note that hematuria does not exclusively indicate cancer and can also be a symptom of a bladder infection or bladder stones. Other signs to watch for include straining to urinate, recurring urinary tract infections (UTIs), frequent small urinary incidents, or urinating in a trickle instead of a stream. These symptoms can occur when the bladder tumor obstructs the urethra, making it difficult for urine to flow properly. In cases where a dog is unable to urinate, it is considered a medical emergency, and immediate veterinary attention is necessary. Additionally, dogs with bladder cancer may also be lethargic and experience discomfort in the pelvic area.
Diagnosis
Catching bladder cancer early is essential for effective treatment. However, the symptoms of bladder cancer can be similar to those of bladder or urinary tract infections. Therefore, a thorough diagnosis by a veterinarian is crucial. Diagnostic tests may include bloodwork, urinalysis, urine culture, and abdominal ultrasound. X-rays and CT scans can provide more detailed information, and a biopsy or aspiration may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis. Chest X-rays can also be performed to determine if the cancer has spread to the lungs.
Treatment Options and Prognosis
The treatment options for bladder cancer in dogs vary depending on the extent of the cancer’s spread. Here are some common treatment approaches:
-
Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor is an option if the cancer is located in the apex of the bladder. However, even with successful surgery, there is a risk of recurrence or metastasis within a year.
-
Chemotherapy: When surgery is not feasible or declined, chemotherapy can be considered. Chemotherapy can be administered through intravenous injections or pills. It has a 40% to 70% chance of shrinking the tumor or slowing its growth. On average, chemotherapy can help dogs with bladder cancer for six to 12 months.
-
Stereotactic Radiation: Stereotactic Radiation is an innovative treatment option for dogs with bladder cancer. This targeted radiation therapy aims to damage the tumor while minimizing harm to surrounding tissues and organs. It typically requires only 1-3 treatments and has fewer side effects compared to chemotherapy. Some dogs may experience blood in their urine or skin irritation, which usually resolves within a few weeks.
-
Drug Treatment: Drugs such as piroxicam (Feldene) and Rimadyl (Carprofen) can be used to treat bladder cancer in dogs. Piroxicam, specifically, has been studied extensively and has shown promising results in stabilizing or reducing tumor size. However, its use requires careful monitoring of kidney function and potential gastrointestinal side effects.
-
No Treatment: In cases where treatment is not pursued, the symptoms of bladder cancer can worsen, and the dog’s appetite may decrease, leading to weight loss. Bladder cancer typically progresses within a few months, with no life expectancy extension.
It is important to discuss the available treatment options with a veterinarian to determine the best course of action for your dog.
For more information on bladder cancer treatment and support, visit Katten TrimSalon – a trusted source for pet care.
Understanding the signs, diagnosis, and treatment options for bladder cancer in dogs is crucial for the well-being of your furry companion. If you notice any concerning symptoms, consult with a veterinarian promptly to ensure timely intervention and supportive care. Together, we can strive to improve the quality of life for dogs affected by this aggressive disease.