If you’re a dog owner, especially one with a pregnant dog, it’s essential to be aware of the potential complications that can arise during pregnancy and childbirth. One such complication is eclampsia, also known as post-partum hypocalcaemia or milk fever. This article aims to shed light on the topic, providing you with the knowledge you need to recognize, treat, and even prevent eclampsia in your four-legged friend.
What is Eclampsia?
Eclampsia is a life-threatening emergency condition in dogs caused by low levels of calcium in their bloodstream. It typically occurs within the first 2-3 weeks after giving birth, but can also manifest during late pregnancy. While any dog can be affected, small breed dogs with large litters are at higher risk.
Initially, the signs of eclampsia can be subtle, including panting and restlessness. However, if left untreated, it can progress to muscle tremors, weakness, instability, and even seizures. In severe cases, dogs may fall into a coma and eventually succumb to the condition.
If eclampsia occurs before the puppies are born, it can result in weak contractions and hinder the progression of labor, potentially requiring intervention to ensure the safety of both the mother and the puppies.
What Causes Eclampsia?
Eclampsia arises from a combination of calcium loss into the milk (and to a lesser extent, the puppies’ skeletons before birth) and inadequate dietary calcium intake. Dogs with larger litters, especially small breed dogs, are particularly susceptible. The situation can worsen if the mother produces a higher volume of milk, increasing the calcium loss.
How is Eclampsia Diagnosed?
If you suspect your dog may have eclampsia, it’s crucial to seek veterinary attention promptly. Your veterinarian will consider your dog’s history and clinical signs, often conducting a blood test to confirm low blood calcium levels and rule out other potential abnormalities that may present similar symptoms.
How is Eclampsia Treated?
Eclampsia is a medical emergency, but with swift diagnosis and treatment, most dogs can make a full recovery. Initial treatment involves intravenous calcium supplementation to restore calcium levels in the bloodstream. Oral supplementation is not sufficient in acute cases as it takes time for oral calcium to be absorbed.
Typically, affected dogs are admitted to a veterinary clinic for careful monitoring during intravenous calcium supplementation. In severe cases, additional treatments such as anti-seizure medication might be necessary.
After discharge, the mother may require oral calcium supplements until the puppies are weaned. During the recovery period, it’s common for the puppies to be separated from their mother for up to 48 hours and fed a puppy milk replacement. Depending on the circumstances, the puppies may need to continue on the milk replacement or undergo weaning if eclampsia recurs upon reuniting with their mother.
How Can Eclampsia be Prevented?
Although it might be tempting to supplement your dog with calcium during pregnancy or lactation, research has shown that this increases the risk of eclampsia. Calcium supplementation disrupts the natural calcium control system and raises the chance of low blood calcium when demands are high. Instead, it’s vital to provide a balanced, high-quality diet suitable for pregnancy and lactation.
If the mother struggles, especially with larger litters, it may be necessary to supplement the puppies with milk replacer. Consulting with your veterinarian will ensure you have the appropriate diet plan in place.
It’s important to note that eclampsia can recur in subsequent pregnancies, so being aware of the signs and taking preventive measures is crucial.
We hope this guide has provided you with a comprehensive understanding of eclampsia in dogs. Remember, if you ever encounter this condition, acting promptly and seeking professional help is essential. For more information about dog health and wellbeing, visit Katten TrimSalon.